Power cables at voltages above 2000 V usually have shielding
and semiconducting tape. Cable shielding system consists of “strand shield” and
“ insulation shield system.”
Insulation shield system
The insulation shield system is comprised of two conductive
components: a semi-conductive layer called “semi-con” and metallic (conductive)
layer. The insulation shield system is installed on the outer surface of the
insulation and hence is called “the outer shield.”
The purpose of the semi-con is to remove air voids between
the metallic shield and the insulation.
Shielding is accomplished by wrapping a thin (0.005 in.)
copper tape spirally around the insulation to form a continuous shield along
the entire length of the cable.
This tape may or may not be perforated to reduce losses and
is held to ground potential by suitable grounding.
Shielding is necessary on medium and HV cables to
1. Prevent damage from corona.
2. Confi ne dielectric fi eld to the inside of cables or
conductor insulation.
3. Give symmetrical stress.
4. Reduce induced voltages.
5. Provide increased safety to human life.
The shield must be grounded at one end and preferably at
more than one point. The usual practice is to ground the shield at each
termination and splice.
Strand shielding (semiconducting tape)
Except on 600 V rubber and varnished cambric cables,
semiconducting tape is used to separate the conductor from the rubber
insulation to prevent possible damage of the insulation from corona and
ionization.
The solid line in Figure 6.1 shows how voltage stress may
develop in the air spaces between
conductor strands and insulation, thereby causing the
ionization of air and breakdown of cable insulation.
The application of semiconducting tape smooths the voltage
stress, as shown by the dashed lines, and keeps such voltage stress constant
and to a minimum.
This application of the semiconducting tape is known as
“strand shielding.” Modern cables are generally constructed with an extruded
strand shield.
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