The diesel,
or compression-ignition, engine is one of the four principal types of internal
combustion engine; that is, it is a machine that converts the chemical energy
released from the burning of a fuel in an internal combustion chamber directly to
mechanical energy.
6. As part
of a cogeneration, sometimes titled CHP (combined heat and power), plant.
Although the
diesel is a reciprocating machine, its mechanical energy is transferred from
the engine by means of a rotating shaft that may be used to drive other mechanical,
hydraulic, pneumatic, or electrical machines and equipment.
Worldwide
there are many diesel engines manufacturers, and the engine types available
range from extremely powerful low-speed two-stroke engines of up to 70 MW to
high-speed automotive-type engines to low-power portable units of less than 2
kW (1.492 hp).
In
industrial and marine applications, diesel engines are used mainly in the generation
of electrical power, both ac and dc. In this article the topics addressed are
the diesel engine itself and the production of ac power by diesel-powered
generators.
GENERATOR
APPLICATIONS
The main
uses of diesel-generators are:
1. For
base-load duties in locations where there is no utility supply—that is, usually
in remote locations, on islands, or on ships and submarines.
2. As
independent power sources where it is essential to ensure that a continuous
supply of electrical power of acceptable quality is maintained at all times.
Such systems are usually referred to as uninterruptable power systems or no
break systems.
3. For
‘‘peak-lopping’’ or ‘‘peak-shaving’’ duties to limit the maximum or peak demand
from a utility supply and so reduce the premium unit charge rate and hence the overall
cost of the supply.
4. As
standby or emergency power generation in case of major failure (blackouts) or
partial shutdowns (brownouts) of the main or utility supply. (Such units are
common in telecommunication centers, hospitals, mainframe centers, major
financial institutions, and government buildings.)
5.
Transportable (usually trailer mounted) generation units for providing
temporary increases in the main supply especially in remote areas.
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