The electric
utility SA system uses a variety of devices integrated into a functional
package by a communications technology for the purpose of monitoring and
controlling the substation. S
Systems
incorporate microprocessor-based intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), which
provide inputs and outputs to the system. Common IEDs are protective relays,
load survey and operator indicating meters, revenue meters, programmable logic
controllers (PLC), and power equipment controllers of various descriptions.
Other devices
may also be present, dedicated to specific functions within the SA system.
These may include transducers, position monitors, and clusters of interposing
relays. Dedicated devices may use a controller (SA controller) or interface
equipment such as a conventional remote terminal unit as a means of integration
into the SA system.
The SA
system typically has one or more communications connections to the outside
world. Common communications connections include utility operations centers,
maintenance offices, and engineering centers.
Most SA
systems connect to a traditional SCADA (supervisory control and data
acquisition) system master station serving the real-time needs for operating
the utility network from an operations center.
SA systems
may also incorporate a variation of the SCADA remote terminal unit (RTU) for this
purpose, or the RTU function may appear in an SA controller or host computer.
Communications
for other utility users is usually through a bridge, gateway, or network processor.
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