Voltage Transformers - are used whenever the line
voltage exceeds 480 volts or whatever lower voltage may be established by the
user as a safe voltage limit. They are usually rated on a basis of 120 volts
secondary voltage and used to reduce primary voltage to usable levels for
transformer-rated meters.
Current Transformer - usually rated on a basis of 5
amperes secondary current and used to reduce primary current to usable levels
for transformer-rated meters and to insulate and isolate meters from high
voltage circuits.
Current Transformer Ratio - ratio of primary to
secondary current. For current transformer rated 200:5, ratio is 200:5 or 40:
1.
Voltage Transformer Ratio - ratio of primary to
secondary voltage. For voltage transformer rated 480:120, ratio is 4:1,
7200:120 or 60:1.
Transformer Ratio (TR) - total ratio of current and
voltage transformers. For 200:5 C.T. And 480:120 P.T., TR = 40 x 4 = 160.
Weatherability - transformers are rated as indoor or
outdoor, depending on construction (including hardware).
Accuracy Classification - accuracy of an instrument
transformer at specified burdens. The number used to indicate accuracy is the
maximum allowable error of the transformer for specified burdens. For example,
0.3 accuracy class means the maximum error will not exceed 0.3% at stated
burdens.
Rated Burden - the load which may be imposed on the
transformer secondaries by associated meter coils, leads and other connected
devices without causing an error greater than the stated accuracy
classification.
Current Transformer Burdens - normally expressed in
ohms impedance such as B0.1,B-0.2,B-0.5,B 0.9,or B-1.8.Corresponding
volt-ampere values are 2.5, 5.0, 12.5, 22.5, and 45.
Voltage Transformer Burdens - normally expressed as
volt-amperes at a designated power factor. May be W, X, M, Y, or Z where W is
12.5 V.A. @ 0. 1Opf; X is 25 V.A. @ 0.70pf, M is 35 V.A. @ 0.20 pf, Y is 75
V.A. @ 0.85pf and Z is 200 V.A. @0.85 pf. The complete expression for a current
transformer accuracy classification might be 0.3 at BO. 1, B-0.2, and B-0. 5,
while the potential transformer might be 0.3 at W, X, M, and Y.
Continuous Thermal Rating Factor (TRF) - normally
designated for current transformers and is the factor by which the rated
primary current is multiplied to obtain the maximum allowable primary current
without exceeding temperature rise standards and accuracy requirements. Example
- if a 400:5 CT has a TRF of 4.0, the CT will continuously accept 400 x 4 or
1600 primary amperes with 5 x 4 or 20 amperes from the secondary. The thermal
burden rating of a voltage transformer shall be specified in terms of the
maximum burden in volt-amperes that the transformer can carry at rated
secondary voltage without exceeding a given temperature rise.
Rated Insulation Class - denotes the nominal
(line-to-line) voltage of the circuit on which it should be used. Associated
Engineering Company has transformers rated for 600 volts through 138 kV.
Polarity - the relative polarity of the primary and
secondary windings of a current transformer is indicated by polarity marks
(usually white circles), associated with one end of each winding. When current
enters at the polarity end of the primary winding, a current in phase with it
leaves the polarity end of the secondary winding. Representation of primary
marks on wiring diagrams is shown as black squares.
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